Medical Instrumentation

IE 404 MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Teaching Scheme                                                                    Examination Scheme

Lecturers: 3 Hrs / Week                                                             Mid- Sem Test– 30 marks,

                                                                                                                                   Assignments and Quizzes- 20 marks,

                                                                                                                                  End Sem  Exam - 50 marks

OBJECTIVES

After completing this course students should be able:

1. To understand the principle, working of various medical instruments
2. To understand the design aspects of various biomedical instruments

Unit 1

Biopotential Measurement

Cell Structure, Basic Cell functions, Origins of bio-potentials, electrical activity of cells, biological Control Concept, Electrode-electrolyte interface, Half cell Potential, Polarisable and nonpolarisable electrode, Electrode circuit model, Body surface recording electrodes for ECG, EMG and EEG, internal electrodes-needle and wire electrodes, electrodes for electric stimulation of tissue, Various biomedical transducers                               [6 Hrs]

Unit 2

Central Nervous systems - Receptors, sensory pathways and motor systems, processing sensory information, neural, neuromuscular, sensory muscular and sensory measurements, biofeedback, evoked response, electroencephalography (EEG), EEG amplifier 

Classification of muscles – Muscle contraction mechanism, Myoelectric voltages, Electromyography (EMG)                                                                                    [8 Hrs]

Unit 3

Cardio-vascular system - structure of heart, rhythmicity, pacemaker cell, ECG theory, ECG electrodes, Electrocardiograph, vector cardiograph          

Bio-signal  amplifiers and signal processing, basic requirement, Op-amp circuit, transient protection, interference reduction circuits, active filters, rate measurement, averaging and integrator circuits, Examples of physiological signals and systems including feedback systems                                                                                                         [8 Hrs]

Unit 4

Cardiovascular Measurements and therapeutic devices

Heart sound, Phonocardiography, Blood pressure measurement (invasive and noninvasive), Blood flow meter- Magnetic and ultrasound, Cardiac Output measurement, Plethysmography,

Life saving devices pacemakers and defibrillators, heart lung machine 

                                 [7 Hrs]

Unit 5

Special Senses-

Ear: Mechanism of hearing, Sound conduction system, Basic Audiometer, Pure tone audiometer, Audiometer system Bekesey, Evoked response Audiometer system,           Hearing aids

Vision- Anatomy of Eye, Visual acuity, Slit Lamp, Tonometer, Ophthalmoscope, Perimeter, LASER Applications in Ophthalmology – Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma and retinal hole and detachment treatment                                                                      [8 Hrs]

Unit 6

Biomaterials- Structure and property relationships in materials, ceramics and polymers, Interactions of materials with the human body, composite materials concepts and applications, Implementation problems – inflammation, rejection, corrosion, structural failure                                                                                                                              [8 Hrs]                                               

Text Books

• Biomedical Instrumentation by Dr. M. Arumugam, Anuradha Publishers, 1992
• Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology by Carr and Brown
• Medical Instrumentation Application and Design by John G. Webster, John Wiley     & Sons Pvt. Ltd

• Biomedical  Instrumentation and  Measurements by Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell, Erich A. Pfeiffer, Pearson Education
• Principles of Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement by Richard Aston, Maxwell Macmillan International Edition
• Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation by R. S. Khandpur, TMH
• Medicine and Clinical Engineering by Jacobsons and Webster, PHI

Reference Books

• Human Physiology – The Mechanism of Body Functions by Vander, Shermen, TMH
• Biomedical Digital Signal Processing by Tompkins
• Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instruments by Webster Vol. I - IV

Power Plant Instrumentation

IE 405  POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATION

Teaching scheme                                                                     Examination Scheme

 Lectures: 3 hrs/week                                                              Mid- Sem Test– 30 marks,

                                                                           Assignments and Quizzes- 20 marks,

                                                                                              End Sem  Exam - 50 marks

Unit 1:         

Power plant: Unit, overview, Types of boiler, Exhaust Gas Boilers and Incinerators,  turbine generators, condensers, material handling systems. Comparison of thermal power plant, hydroelectric power plant, Nuclear power plant, solar power plant, Wind power plant.                                                                                                           [07 hrs]

Unit 2:

Boiler Instrumentation: Control and optimization, Combustion control, air to fuel ratio control, 3-element drum level control, steam temperature and pressure control, oxygen/CO2 in flue gases, furnace draft, boiler interlocks, sequence event recorder, supervisor control, data acquisition controls, burner management systems and controllers. Start-up and shut-down procedures, Boiler safety standard, Boiler inspection procedures. Boiler load calculation, boiler efficiency calculation.                  [07 hrs]

Unit 3:

Instrumentation for Boiler ancillaries viz. water treatment, electro-static precipitator, soot blower, economizer, de aerator, super heater, chemical dosing systems, air pre-heater, coal and ash handling systems, fuel storage and distribution, Bag House Filters.

[07 hrs]

Unit 4:

Turbine instrumentation and control, start-up and shut-down , thermal stress control, condition monitoring & power distribution instrumentation. Synchronous, Induction generators                                                                                                         [07 hrs]

Unit 5:

Hydroelectric power generation, regulation & monitoring of voltage & frequency of output power. Pollution & effluent monitoring & control. Energy Management, electrical sub-station controls.                                                                                         [07 hrs]

Unit 6:

Power Generation using non-conventional energy sources viz. Wind Power, solar Power, Tidal Power, Plant safety & redundancies. Nuclear Power Generation & control Station.  Diesel Generator Controls                                                                                 [07 hrs]

Text Books:

·         Energy Technology Handbook ,Considine D.M.,MGH

·         Process Control ,B.G. Liptak

·         Solar Energy Technology Vol. I & II by Dicknson & Chereminoff (Dekker)

·         Efficient Boiler Operation source book by Payane & Thompson

·         Energy management Handbook by W.C. turner.

Reference Books:

1.  
   • Computer Based Industrial control by Krishna Kant.
   • Distributed Computer Control for industrial Automation by Bhatkar (dekkar)

Medical Instrumentation Laboratory

IE 410- MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY

Teaching Scheme:                                                                  Examination Scheme:

Practical: 2 Hrs / Week                                                             Practical: 50 Marks

List of Practicals

1. Design and Implementation of ECG and EEG Simulator.
2. Design and Implementation of ECG amplifier.
3. Design and Implementation of EEG amplifier.
4. Design and implementation of Instrumentation amplifier.
5. Design and implementation of Heart Rate Meter.
6. Design and implementation of Digital BP meter.
7. To study various blood Pressure Measurement techniques.
8. To calibrate the Blood Pressure apparatus.
9. To study the ultrasonic Blood Flow meter.
10. To study the ECG Recorder and determine its time constants. Also study the design aspects of ECG Recorder.
11. To design and implement the pacemaker simulator. Also study the design aspects of Pacemaker.
12. To design and implement the Defibrillator Simulator. Also study the design aspects of Defibrillator.
13. To study EMG machine
14. To study the PC Based ECG and EEG analysis System.

Power Plant Instrumentation Laboratory

IE 411 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY

Teaching scheme                                                                     Examination Scheme

 Practical: 2 hrs/week                                                               Oral: 50 marks

List of experiments:

1.      Study of Hydro-electric power plant

2.      Study of electrical sub-station

3.      Study of thermal power plant

4.      Study of Nuclear power plant

5.      Study of solar power plant

6.      Study of power grid and associated instrumentation

7.      Design and development of interlocks and safety system for thermal power plants

8.      Design of boiler automation using DCS and PLC

Digital Control

IE 406 – DIGITAL CONTROL

Teaching scheme                                                                     Examination Scheme

 Lectures: 3 hrs/week                                                              Mid- Sem Test– 30 marks,

                                                                                                                              Assignments and Quizzes- 20 marks,

                                                                                              End Sem  Exam - 50 marks

OBJECTIVES:

After completion of this course students should:

1.             Able to design a discrete control   for a continuous system.

2.             Able to analyze and simulate SISO system.

Unit 1:

Configuration of basic digital control system, discrete   transfer function, discrete model sampled data systems using z- transform, transfer function model, signal analysis and dynamic response, zero-order hold equivalent, introduction to first-order-hold equivalent, transformation between ‘s’, ‘z’, ‘w’ plane, Stability analysis and Jury’s stability criterion.                                                                                                             [07 hrs]

Unit 2:

Design using transform techniques: Root locus and frequency domain analysis compensator design.                                                                                                [08 hrs]

Unit 3:

Control system analysis using state variable method, vector and matrices, state variable representation, conversion of state variable to transfer function and vice versa, conversion of transfer function to canonical state variable models, realization using companion-I and II, Jordan canonical form, solution of state equations.      [08 hrs]

Unit 4:

Design using state-space methods: controllability and observability, control law design, pole placement, pole placement design using computer aided control system design (CACSD), observer design.                                                                                 [07 hrs]

Unit 5:

Stability improvement by state feedback, digital controller for deadbeat performance.

[06 hrs]

Unit 6:

Case study: Design of different digital control system design with CACSD.

[06 hrs]

Text Books

• K. Ogata; Discrete Control Systems
• M. Gopal; Digital Control Engineering

Reference Books

• Digital Control Systems vol. I & II - Isermann, Narosa publications
• Digital Control System- B. C. Kuo
• Designing Linear and Non linear Control Systems with MATLAB-K.  Ogata PHI . MATLAB curriculum series.

Automotive Instrumentation

IE 407 AUTOMOTIVE INSTRUMENTATION

Teaching scheme                                                                       Examination Scheme

 Lectures: 3 hrs/week                                                                Mid- Sem Test– 30 marks,

                                                                                                                                Assignments and Quizzes- 20 marks,

                                                                                                End Sem  Exam - 50 marks

OBJECTIVES:

After completion of this course students will learn:

·         The software/hardware integration and I/O programming of embedded controllers. They will learn how to incorporate the state-of-the-art System- On- Chip platforms and the emerging embedded system development tools.

·         They will gear to the integration of hardware modules to construct embedded systems, and the programming models and characteristics of various input/out interfaces for automotive industry.

Pre-requisites:

Knowledge of Thermodynamics, two stroke-four stroke engine operations, Architecture of 8-bit controllers, Assembly language programming, microprocessor organization, and experience of C programming language.

Unit 1

Embedded system definition, different scales of embedded systems, design with small

Scale embedded systems, CISC and RISC architecture, PIC 16F or 18F series Microcontroller:, Architecture, Instruction set, different addressing modes, I/O ports, TIMER2 and interrupts, UART, External Interrupts and Timers.

                                                                                                                         [07hrs]

Unit 2

Assembly language programming and hardware interfacing techniques. Introduction to development tools like cross assembler, simulator, HLL cross compilers and in circuit emulators for system development. On-chip interfaces like: ADC, PWM, watchdog timers, I2C E2PROM and their applications. Design considerations for single chip solutions and handheld instruments, Case studies for automotive solutions.  

                                                                                                  [06hrs]

 Unit 3

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF ARM PROCESSOR:-Processor modes, Register organization, Exceptions and its handling, Memory and memory-mapped I/Os, ARM and THUMB instruction sets, addressing modes, ARM floating point architecture. Real-Time system (RTOS) concepts, Kernel structure, Task management, Inter task communication & synchronization, Memory management. Understanding Device Drivers      [08 hrs]

Unit 4

Basics of Engine, Engine architecture: in-line engine, vee-engine, balance, drive, Basic principles Performances,

BRAKING SYSTEM: Introduction: definition of braking, specifications, Theory of braking : forces on vehicles, Braking system : hydraulic braking circuit, wheel brake, braking control, anti lock braking system,

                                                                                          [07hrs]

Unit 5

PROPULSION AND COMBUSTION: Engines: mixtures characteristics, compression ignition, alternating engine, carburetion/injection, combustion, supercharging, TRANSMISSION: Speed drive units: infinitely variable speed transmission,

                                                                                                             [06hrs]

Unit 6

Embedded systems for: Engine control, Fuel injection system, anti lock break system, speed measurement and control, engine parameter indication systems.                                                                                      

                                                                                                   [07hrs]

Text Books

• Mohammad Ali Mazidi; 8051 Embedded System “C” Pprogramming

·         John B. Peatman; Design with PIC Microcontrollers;  

·         Sloss Andrew N, Symes Dominic, Wright Chris; ARM System Developer's Guide: Designing and Optimizing; Morgan Kaufman Publication.

Reference Books And Web Access

• Technical references on www.semiconductor.philips.com   
• An Implementation guide to Real Time Programming - David L. Ripps, Yourdon Press, 1990.
• Technical references on www.arm.com

Digital Control Laboratory

 IE 412 DIGITAL CONTROL LABORATORY

Teaching scheme                                                                     Examination Scheme

 Practical: 2 hrs/week                                                               Practical: 50 marks

List of experiments:

All experiments are to be design with CACSD

1.      Analysis of continuous and discrete control system.

2.      Study of Jury’s stability criterion and analysis.

3.      Digital controller design with root locus techniques.

4.      Digital lead controller design with frequency domain techniques.

5.      Digital lag controller design with frequency domain techniques.

6.      Digital controller design with pole placement method.

7.      Observer design.

8.      Simulation of any digital control system based on unit 6.

Automotive Instrumentation Laboratory

IE 413 AUTOMOTIVE INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY

Teaching Scheme                                                                               Examination Scheme

Practical:  2 hrs/week                                                   Practical: 50 Marks

 List of Experiments

  8-bit controllers:

  ATMEL 89S52 or Philips 89C51RD2 Microcontroller:

  Embedded “C” programming for: (Keil Cross Compiler)

 1) Serial 7-segmnet display

 2) Sensor interfacing.

 3) RTC interfacing.

 4) E²PROM interfacing.

 5) Motor control: Stepper motor, DC Motor and servo motor.

 6) Remote control interfacing.

 16-bit controllers:

 PIC 16F or 18F series Microcontrollers:

Assembly and Embedded “C” programming for: (Using MPASM assembler, MPLAB and “C” Cross Compiler)

1) I/O Programming.

2) Timer programming

3) Interrupt programming.

4) External Interrupt programming.

5) on-chip interfaces: (I2C, ADC, WDT, E2PROM, etc)

32-bit controllers:

ARM Processor:

Embedded “C” programming for: (Using ARM IDE)

1.       ALP of ARM processor to implement tasks like swapping endianness, GCD, String copy etc

2.       Single channel DMA transfer using interrupts

3.      Assignment using semaphores